Working Group Meeting Report
AIDE-MEMOIRE
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
Montréal Process
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
The Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (Montréal Process) held its 14th meeting in Montevideo, Uruguay, 7-10 April 2003. The Montréal Process includes Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Russian Federation, United States of America and Uruguay, which together represent 60% of the world's forests.
1. Participation.
The meeting included 50 participants,including representatives from 11 Montréal Process countries, as well as representatives from Costa Rica,Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, and Trinidad and Tobago. A list of participants is included at Annex A.
2. Meeting Opening.
The meeting was opened by Uruguay’s Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries, Ing. Agr. Dr. Gonzalo Gonzalez. Minister Gonzalez welcomed participants from around the world to Montevideo and provided a history and overview of international events related to forests over the last several decades. He underscored the importance of forests as sources of goods and services in Uruguay and noted that Uruguay has made significant progress in managing its forests, although challenges remain.
The meeting was chaired by Ing. Atilio Ligrone, Director of the Uruguay Forest Service. Mr. Ligrone welcomed participants to the 14th Working Group meeting and reviewed the main topics of the agenda, which is included at Annex B.
3. Update Since 13th Working Group Meeting.
Kathryn Buchanan of the Liaison Office provided an update on activities of the Liaison Office since the 13th Meeting of the Working Group in San Carlos de Bariloche, November 2001; these included:
- Posting the following documents on the Montréal Process web site: Aide Memoire from the 13th meeting, results of the 5th meeting of the TAC (New Zealand, May 2001) and the Montréal Process Capacity Building Workshop(USA, August 2001), and the sample country forest report prepared by Canada in 2000;
- Circulating to members a CD ROM documenting the results of the Capacity Building Workshop and supported by contributions from Australia and the US;
- Preparing retrospective budgetary information for 1997 to 2001 on the estimated annual costs of and contributions to activities of the Montréal Process Working Group;
- Preparing draft terms of reference for the Liaison Office.
4. 2003 Overview Report.
The meeting welcomed the report by Rob Hendricks, Convenor of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), on the March 17 draft of the Montréal Process First Forest Overview Report 2003 developed by the TAC based on its 6th meeting in Oaxaca, Mexico, in August 2002. After an extensive review of the draft document, the Working Group agreed to the text contained in Annex C and to the format and graphic revisions listed in Annex D. The Working Group requested the Liaison Office to publish copies of the final report in English, Spanish and French for distribution at the XII World Forestry Congress. It was suggested that countries translate the overview report into their own languages to facilitate domestic use. The Working Group expressed its appreciation to Mexico for hosting TAC 6.
5. International Developments.
The meeting welcomed a presentation by Stephanie Caswell (USA) on recent international events relevant to forests and criteria and indicators (a listing is provided in Annex E), including:
- World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, paragraph 45, which addresses forests and outlines commitments by countries to action on sustainable forest management.
- International Conference on the Contribution of Criteria and Indicators to Sustainable Forest Management: The Way Forward (CICI 2003) hosted by Guatemala, February 2003 and cosponsored by FAO, ITTO, Finland and US. The conference report (see FAO web site) identifies 24 recommendations for action by countries and international organizations to strengthen implementation of criteria and indicators and contribute to the work of the UNFF. It also identifies the following common thematic areas of sustainable forest management based on existing regional and international sets of national level criteria: (1) extent of forest resources, (2) biological diversity, (3) forest health and vitality, (4) productive functions of forest resources, 5) protective functions of forest resources, (6) socioeconomic functions and (7) legal, policy and institutional framework.
- 16th FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO), Rome, March 2003, which drawing on CICI 2003 recommends,inter alia, that FAO: (1) Continue to give high priority to criteria and indicators, including technical assistance and capacity building, (2) strengthen its role in facilitating collaboration among criteria and indicators processes and (3) convene in collaboration with ITTO an international expert consultation on criteria and indicators prior to UNFF 4 to consider developing communication networks, improving common understanding of concepts and definitions, identifying approaches and methods for collecting, storing and sharing data, and strengthening
- UNFF Country-led Initiative on Lessons Learned in Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting on Implementation of the IPF/IFF Proposals for Action (PfAs), which met in Viterbo, Italy in March 2003 and was cosponsored by Brazil, China, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, the UK and the US. The Viterbo Report (see UNFF web site) identifies actions for countries and members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) to monitor and assess national progress and challenges in implementing PfAs, including as related to criteria and indicators, as well as ways the UNFF can facilitate international information sharing and cooperation to this end.
6. Montréal Process Events at XII World Forestry Congress (WFC).
The meeting welcomed presentations by Jacques Carette (Canada) on the status of preparations for the WFC to be held in Quebec City in September 2003, Kathryn Buchanan on arrangements for the Montréal Process “high level” session and the side event to present the 2003 forest reports and overview report; and John Talbot and Ross Penny (Australia) on preliminary plans for the Montréal Process exhibit space and booth. The Working Group agreed to the following arrangements and next steps for WFC related activities:
- The special “high level” session (15th meeting of the Montréal Process) will convene Monday, September 22, 18:30-22:00 to launch the 2003 Overview Report and country forest reports, reaffirm the political commitment of member countries to the Santiago Declaration and Montréal Process Working Group, and set the vision for the Montréal Process for the next 5 years. Participants are expected to be heads of delegation of Montréal Process countries, e.g., ministers or vice-ministers, heads of forest services or equivalent officials. A round table format will be used, providing an opportunity for representatives to make country statements. The output will be a declaration. Canada will provide a draft for comment to member countries by June 1, 2003. A working agenda is attached at Annex F. Canada will issue, if requested, an official invitation to Montréal Process countries.
- A “Side event” will be held at the World Forestry Congress to take advantage of the gathering of the world’s forest community and present the Montréal Process and its collaborative work, including the 2003 Overview Report. Following a discussion on the format and agenda for this event, the Working Group agreed to the draft working agenda attached at Annex G. The Liaison Office will work to finalize the working agenda and arrangements for the event, as well as finalize member country contributions and involvement through e-mail.
- The Montréal Process will have an exhibit at the World Forestry Congress in September 2003. Australia presented the concept design. Working Group members contributed ideas and it was agreed that the themes for the exhibit are: (1) celebration of Montréal Process achievements, (2) contributions from diverse countries, and (3) value of Montréal Process criteria and indicators to sustainable forest management. It was agreed that the exhibit will include: a central poster on the Montréal Process and country information; side posters highlighting collaboration between Montréal Process countries; hand-out material (primarily the Overview Report); a 3-dimensional display of country flags and broadleaf and conifer saplings. Working Group members were asked to provide high-resolution photos of their forests (including people and cultural aspects of forestry) and country information in electronic form to Australia by the end of May 2003.
7. Budget.
The meeting welcomed a presentation by the Liaison Office on estimated annual costs of and contributions to the Montréal Process Working Group from 1997 to 2001. The Working Group requested the Liaison Office to maintain annual records of costs associated with activities of the Montréal Process Working Group (Working Group meetings, TAC meetings, Liaison Office,etc.) and contributions by members in support of these activities and make this information available to members on request.
8. Communication and Outreach Plan.
The meeting discussed the Interim Communication and Outreach Plan. The Working Group agreed to the following short-term priorities for action: (1) revise the web site as outlined in Annex H and (2) develop a brochure or pamphlet for distribution at the World Forestry Congress that highlights four or five key messages. The Working Group also agreed to review the Interim Communication and Outreach Plan at its 16thmeeting.
9. Open Dialogue.
Building on recommendations of CICI 2003 and COFO 16, the Montréal Process Working Group was pleased to host a special one-day session devoted to exchanging information and experiences among countries participating in the three criteria and indicators processes active in the Western Hemisphere: Lepaterique Process (Central America), Tarapoto Process (Amazon Basin) and Montréal Process, which includes six Western Hemisphere countries (Argentina, Canada, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay, USA). Additional countries in the region also participated. The meeting welcomed the following presentations:
- Ing. Atilio Ligrone, Director of the Uruguay Forest Service, gave a presentation on forests and forest management in Uruguay.
- Mr. Carlos Noton, Chile, provided an update on activities of the Southern Cone secretariat for the Montréal Process. Good progress is being made and the group is looking to prepare a proposal to different funding agencies.
- Gilbert Canet Brenes, Costa Rica, presented information on work being carried out, particularly with respect to criteria and indicators and certification processes.
- Veronica Sobrevilla, Peru, presented a preliminary analysis of criteria and indicators being applied by the Tarapoto Process (Tratado de Cooperacion Amazonica).
- Miguel Ramirez, Honduras, presented the practical use of criteria and indicators for evaluating the sustainable management of pine forests in Honduras.
- Alejandra Rivadeneira, Paraguay, presented a summary of Paraguay’s work on criteria and indicators, through an FAO project, “Support of the National Forest Table” (“Apoyo a la Mesa Forestal Nacional”).
10. Opportunities for collaboration.
Based on the above presentations, the meeting recognized the progress Latin American countries have made toward sustainable forest management and in implementing criteria and indicators, as well as their many challenges. In order to foster this progress, the meeting identified the following opportunities for enhancing collaboration and cooperation among countries:
- Increased regional and sub-regional cooperation in the Americas, including through the Central American Committee for the Environment and Development (CCAD).
- Increased communication between and among processes.
- Participating in meetings of other criteria and indicators processes.
- Assistance in convening meetings and workshops and short term training.
11. Procedural Matters.
In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Montréal Process meetings, the Working Group reaffirmed that in future all documentation to be reviewed and discussed by the Working Group should be distributed to members not later than 20 calendar days prior to the meeting. This includes all documents prepared by the TAC, Liaison Office, host government and individual member countries.
12. TAC Convenor.
The Working Group expressed deep appreciation to Mr. Robert Hendricks for his excellent leadership, dedication and extensive work as the TAC Convenor since 1999, particularly with respect to the TAC’s recent work in developing the 2003 Overview Report. In view of Mr. Hendricks’ stepping down as TAC Convenor, the Working Group welcomed the offer from New Zealand to explore the possibility of taking over that responsibility. New Zealand agreed to inform the Liaison Office with respect to this possibility in the coming weeks.
13. 16th Working Group Meeting.
The Working Group welcomed the offer by Canada to host the 16th Meeting of the Montréal Process Working Group in 2004 (date and venue TBD). The Working Group recognized with appreciation the continued support to the Montréal Process provided by Canada as host of the Liaison Office. The Working Group agreed that the 16th meeting, which will be the first regular business meeting following publication of the 2003 Country Forest Reports and Overview Report, will focus on the following matters:
- Identify an approach for reviewing the indicators in light of experience gained in preparing the 2003 country forest reports, with a view to refining them as needed;
- Review and evaluate audience response to the Montréal Process side event and exhibit at the World Forestry Congress, including the brochure on key messages, and identify what elements were the most successful;
- Consider follow up actions needed as a result of the 15th Working Group Special High Level Session (Québec City, September 2003) and to carryforward the "next steps" outlined in the 2003 Overview Report;
- Review and finalize the Interim Communications and Outreach Plan;
- Identify a schedule for the next round of country forest reports.
The Working Group recognized the need to convene a TAC meeting prior to its16th meeting to develop a draft proposal on (a) above for consideration by the Working Group, and requested Robert Hendricks to coordinate with the new TAC Convenor on a date, venue, and logistical support for such a meeting. The Working Group welcomed the offer by Argentina to explore the feasibility of hosting the TAC meeting.
14. Joining the Montréal Process.
The Montréal Process countries reaffirmed that the procedure for countries to join the Montréal Process is a diplomatic one. An interested country should inform the Government of Chile through diplomatic channels that its government endorses the Santiago Declaration. Chile will inform the Liaison Office, which will inform other Montréal Process countries. The Working Group urged interested countries to take these steps as soon as possible. In this context, the Working Group extended an invitation to Paraguay and South Africa to join the Montréal Process.
16. Expression of Thanks.
The Meeting expressed its deep appreciation to the people and Government of Uruguay, represented especially by the Dirección General Forestal, for their hospitality in hosting the 14th Meeting of the Montréal Process Working Group. The meeting also expressed its appreciation to the US and Canada for their voluntary contributions in support of the meeting.
Annex A
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Please see Who is Involved: Montréal Process Contacts
Annex B
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
Program
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 14:30-16:30 | Montevideo city tour | For all participants |
| 17:30-19:00 | Working Group meeting | |
| 19:00 | Reception |
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 09:00-09:30 | Ministry Forest Director (Chairman) |
Welcome and introduction |
| 09:30-10:15 | Report from Liaison Office (LO) on events in year since last meeting - progress made, documents published, tabled, web site changes Questions, answers, general discussion |
K. Buchanan Chair |
| 10:15-11:00 | Report from Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Convenor (LO) on results of Sixth Meeting of TAC Questions, answers, general discussion |
R. Hendricks Chair |
| 11:00-11:30 | Coffee Break | |
| 11:30-12:30 | Report from TAC Convenor / members on Overview Report Questions, answers, general discussion |
R. Hendricks Chair |
| 12:30-14:30 | Lunch | |
| 14:30-15:30 | Continued discussion of Overview Report | R. Hendricks |
| 15:30-16:00 | Coffee Break | |
| 16:00-17:00 | Continued discussion of Overview Report | R. Hendricks |
| 17:00 | Adjourn for day | |
| 19:30 | MGAP reception | All participants |
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 09:00-09:30 | Discussion of relevant aspects of WSSD, International Conference on Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management (CICI-2003), UNFF-3 Questions, answers, general discussion |
S. Caswell Chair |
| 09:30-10:30 | Presentation on WFC Questions, answers, general discussion |
Canada / K. Buchanan Chair |
| 10:30-11:00 | Coffee Break | |
| 11:00-12:00 | Discussion of MP meeting and discussion of next steps Questions, answers, general discussion |
K. Buchanan Chair |
| 12:00-13:00 | Discussion of WFC side event to present Overview Report & Country Reports (September 24/03) Questions, answers, general discussion |
K. Buchanan Chair |
| 13:00-14:30 | Lunch | |
| 14:30-15:30 | Report from LO/TAC Convenor/members on proposal for WFC exhibit Questions, answers, general discussion |
K. Buchanan / R. Hendricks / Australia / New Zealand Chair |
| 15:30-16:00 | Coffee Break | |
| 16:00-16:30 | Review of Montréal Process Working Group budgetary matters & LO Terms of Reference Questions, answers, general discussion |
K. Buchanan Chair |
| 16:30-17:00 | Introduction of Montréal Process Communications and Outreach Plan and identification of short-term priorities Questions, answers, general discussion |
K. Buchanan Chair |
| 17:00 | Adjourn for day |
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 09:00-10:30 | Finalization of WFC meeting, presentation and exhibit | Chair |
| 10:30-11:00 | Finalization of Communications and Outreach Plan | Chair |
| 11:00-11:30 | Coffee Break | |
| 11:30-12:30 | Continue finalization of Communications and Outreach Plan | Chair |
| 12:30-14:30 | Lunch | |
| 14:30-15:30 | Finalization of 2003 Overview Report | Chair |
| 15:30-16:00 | Coffee Break | |
| 16:00-17:00 | 15th Meeting Venue and Theme | Chair |
| 17:00-18:00 | Finalization of 2003 Overview Report | Chair |
| 20:00 | Dinner | All participants |
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 09:00-09:30 | Presentation of Uruguay (South America, Montréal Process) 15 minutes for questions |
Ing. Ligrone, Dirección Forestal |
| 09:30-10:00 | Update on C&I Processes: Progress, major challenges, next steps | Montréal Process - MPWG Southern Cone experience |
| 10:00-11:00 | Panel discussion: (4 country case studies - not MP) |
|
| 11:00-11:30 | Coffee Break | |
| 11:30-12:30 | Continued Panel Discussion (4 country case studies) | |
| 12:30-14:30 | Lunch | |
| 14:30-15:30 | Open discussion: Opportunities for bilateral, regional and process collaboration & identification of opportunities for collaboration among processes and countries | Chair |
| 15:30-16:15 | Finalization of Overview Report | Chair |
| 16:15-17:00 | Finalization of Aide Memoire | Chair |
| 17:00-17:30 | Presentation on field trip/logistics | Chair |
| 17:30 | Adjournment of meeting | Chair |
| Leave for field trip | All participants |
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Field trip - travel to Rivera |
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Field trip - travel to Rivera |
Annex C
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
Montréal Process First Forest Overview Report 2003
Final Text - May 8, 2003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I. INTRODUCTION
II. BACKGROUND
III. ABOUT THE MONTRÉAL PROCESS
A. Montréal Process Working Group
B. Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators
C. Work Leading to the Country Forest Reports 2003 and the First Forest Overview Report 2003
IV. HIGHLIGHTS ON TRENDS
A. Criterion 1 - Conservation of Biological Diversity
Indicator 1a - Extent of forests by forest type relative to total forest area
B. Criterion 2 - Maintenance of Productive Capacity of Forest Ecosystems
Indicator 2a - Area of forest land and net area of forest land available for timber production
C. Criterion 3 - Maintenance of Forest Ecosystem Health and Vitality
Indicator 3a - Area and percent of forested area affected by processes beyond historic variation
D. Criterion 4 - Conservation and Maintenance of Soil and Water Resources
Indicator 4b - Percent of forest land managed primarily for protective functions
E. Criterion 5 - Maintenance of Forest Contribution to Global Carbon Cycles
Indicator 5a - Total forest ecosystem biomass and carbon
F. Criterion 6 - Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Multiple Socio-Economic Benefits to Meet the Needs of Societies
Indicator 6.5.a - Direct and indirect employment in forest sector and forest sector employment as proportion of total employment
G. Criterion 7 - Legal, Institutional and Economic Framework for Forest Conservation and Sustainable Forest Management
Indicator 7.4.b - Scope, frequency and statistical reliability of forest inventories, assessments, monitoring and other relevant information
V. CONCLUSIONS, OBSERVATIONS AND NEXT STEPS
ANNEX 1: Web Links to Country Forest Reports 2003
ANNEX 2: Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators
ANNEX 3: Montréal Process Publications
Montréal Process
First Forest Overview Report: 2003
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Launched in 1994, the "Montréal Process" is one of nine regional and international processes whose member countries are seeking to implement criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management to guide the monitoring, assessment and reporting on their forests and improve forest policies and practices. The 12 countries of the Montréal Process span six continents and together account for 90 percent of the world's temperate and boreal forests, 60 percent of all forests and 45 percent of world trade in forest products.
In 2003, the 12 Montréal Process countries developed their first Country Forest Reports on the sustainable management of their forests using the 7 criteria and 67 indicators adopted in 1995. Designed for use by policy makers, the Country Forest Reports present the state of and trends in forests at the national level based on contemporary scientific understanding of forest ecosystems and the values society attaches to forests.
The purpose of this Montréal Process First Forest Overview Report: 2003 is to highlight for policy makers, other stakeholders and the international community the progress in the use of criteria and indicators as reflected in the country forest reports. To this end, the Overview Report presents data available from all 12 countries for one indicator under each of the seven Montréal Process criteria which address: (1) Biological diversity, (2) productive capacity of forest ecosystems, (3) forest ecosystem health and vitality, (4) soil and water resources, (5) forest contribution to the global carbon cycle, (6) socio-economic benefits, and (7) legal, institutional and economic framework. The Overview Report illustrates the data found in the country reports for many more indicators. It does not represent an assessment of the sustainability of forest management in Montréal Process countries.
The Country Forest Reports reveal that all countries have made progress in reporting forest information since 1997 when countries prepared their First Approximation Reports. Despite their differences, all countries show some similar trends, such as decreased forest conversion to agriculture or urban land, increased regulation to protect soil and water, and small decreases in forest employment relative to overall employment. While the capacity to collect and report on indicators varies greatly among countries, no country is able today to report on all 67 indicators for one or more of the following reasons: (1) The data has not been traditionally collected (e.g., data on non-wood forest products), (2) there is no scientific agreement on how the data should be collected, creating data gaps at sub-national levels (e.g., data on soil and water resources) and (3) there is little or no scientific understanding of how to measure an indicator (e.g., forest fragmentation).
Nevertheless, considerable improvement in the ability of countries to report on forests using the Montréal Process criteria and indicators is expected over the next five years. It is anticipated that the criteria and indicators will increasingly be used as a framework for strategic planning, expanding forest inventories, involving stakeholders and communicating progress to policy makers at national and sub-national levels. They may also provide a useful model for monitoring, assessment and reporting on other natural resource conditions, such as rangelands, mining and freshwater.
Member countries agree that the Montréal Process Working Group has provided many benefits as an international forum for collaboration, including catalyzing national efforts and promoting a shared view about what constitutes sustainable forest management and how to measure it. The exchange of information and experience has enabled countries to identify common goals for action, consolidate technical know-how related to indicator measurement and data collection, foster bilateral and regional cooperation among members, and enhance national capacities to report on sustainable forest management.
To further increase country capacity to report using criteria and indicators and inform policy makers, the Working Group and its members will focus on the following actions over the next five years:
- Review, refine and share data inventory protocols to build capacity for reporting;
- Develop extension materials on national and sub-national applications of criteria and indicators;
- Enhance technical collaboration among member countries;
- Review and as needed refine the Montréal Process indicators;
- Make the achievements of the Montréal Process more visible and easily available at all levels;
- Develop strategies to help countries mobilize resources to collect needed data;
- Continue to urge broad participation of relevant stakeholders within countries;
- Encourage universities and other educational institutions to incorporate the latest information on sustainable forest management and criteria and indicators;
- Encourage national and international institutions to carry out research on indicators difficult to measure;
- Increase communication, collaboration and cooperation with other criteria and indicators processes;
- Use criteria and indicators as the basis for national reporting on sustainable forest management to international fora, including the UN Forum on Forests (UNFF);
- Seek international endorsement of a global set of criteria to provide a framework for existing regional and international criteria and indicator processes;
- Promote application of forest criteria and indicators to other sectors and to international initiatives on indicators for sustainable development; and
- Encourage other countries to become members of the Montréal Process Working Group.
The Montréal Process countries include Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Russian Federation, United States of America, Uruguay.
Montréal Process First Forest Overview Report: 2003
I. INTRODUCTION
In 2003, the 12 Montréal Process countries developed their first Country Forest Reports using the 7 criteria and 67 indicators for sustainable forest management that they adopted in 1995 to assess the state of and trends in their forests at the national level. The purpose of this Montréal Process, First Forest Overview Report: 2003 is to highlight for policy makers and forest managers, other stakeholders and the international community the progress in the use of criteria and indictors reflected in the Country Forest Reports.
The Overview Report illustrates this progress by presenting in section IV the data available from all 12 countries for one indicator under each of the seven Montréal Process criteria. This information is illustrative of the kinds of information the reader can expect to find in each of the Country Forest Reports for a number of the 67 indicators. Readers are encouraged to explore individual Country Forest Reports to give context to the information presented in this Overview Report (see Annex 1 for Web links).
Section II provides general background information on forests and criteria and indicators.
Section III provides background information on the Montréal Process.
Section V presents general conclusions and observations about the Montréal Process as agreed by member countries, and identifies a series of next steps for the Montréal Process.
BOX: The Montréal Process is unique in bringing together diverse countries from around the globe to address the shared goal of sustainable forest management
The preparation of the Country Forest Reports 2003 has required dedicated efforts by all Montréal Process countries and reflects the commitment of each country to implement criteria and indicators to report progress toward the sustainable management of their forests and facilitate informed decision making in both the public and private sectors.
II. BACKGROUND
Forests are integral to the quality of human life and the quality of our environment. They provide food, fuel, shelter, clean water, medicine and employment for people around the world. Forests are home to 70 percent of the world’s terrestrial animals and plants. Forests clean the air we breathe, reduce concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, reduce sediments from entering lakes and rivers, and protect against flooding, mudslides and erosion. Forests are inherently resilient ecosystems and a renewable resource. When managed in a sustainable way, they can continue to supply current and future generations with a wide range of essential ecological, social and economic goods and services.
The Rio Earth Summit of 1992 first popularized the concept of sustainable forest management as the forest sector's contribution to sustainable development and recognized a role for criteria and indicators in promoting the goal of sustainable forest management. In response, 12 countries representing 90 percent of the world’s temperate and boreal forests recognized the mutual benefit of working together to develop “criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management” in order to provide a common framework for describing, assessing and evaluating progress toward sustainable forest management at the national level.
This initiative is now known as the "Montréal Process". Today, some 150 countries are participating in nine regional and international processes to develop, implement and use criteria and indicators as tools to characterize sustainable forest management, coordinate data collection, storage and dissemination, monitor and assess the state of trends in forest conditions, and inform decision-making. These efforts are supported by a number of international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO).
The contribution of criteria and indicators to sustainable forest management has been recognized by the international community through the UN Commission on Sustainable Development's Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF, 1995-1997) and its successor, the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF, 1997-2000), as well as through the UN Forum on Forests (UNFF) established in 2000.
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) hosted by South Africa in September 2002 reaffirmed global commitment to sustainable forest management through the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. Further, the International Conference on the Contribution of Criteria and Indicators to Sustainable Forest Management: The Way Forward hosted by Guatemala in February 2003 provides a number of recommendations for national and international action to further enhance the development, implementation and use of criteria and indicators.
III. ABOUT THE MONTRÉAL PROCESS
A. Montréal Process Working Group
The Montréal Process Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (known as the Montréal Process Working Group) was launched in 1994 and now has 12 member countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Russian Federation, United States of America and Uruguay. These countries span the globe and together account for 90 percent of the world's temperate and boreal forests, 60 percent of all forests, 35 percent of the world's population and 45 percent of world trade in forest products.
The Montréal Process Working Group meets regularly in member countries on a rotational basis. These meetings typically include representatives of other criteria and indicators processes, international organizations such as the FAO and ITTO, environmental groups and the private sector. Domestic stakeholders are consulted by many member countries and may participate in Working Group meetings as part of country delegations.
The Montréal Process Working Group is supported by a Liaison Office located in Ottawa, Canada, and by a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) established in 1996 and comprised of technical experts from the Montréal Process countries. The TAC provides technical and scientific advice to members on implementation of the Montréal Process criteria and indicators. To date, the TAC has provided advice on issues related to data collection, storage and dissemination, indicator measurement and reporting.
B. Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators
The member countries of the Montréal Process Working Group agreed via the Santiago Declaration of 1995 to a comprehensive set of 7 criteria and 67 indicators to assess the state of and trends in their forests at the national level. The seven criteria characterize the essential components of sustainable forest management; the indicators provide a way to measure those essential components. The Montréal Process criteria are:
(1) Conservation of biological diversity (9 indicators)
(2) Maintenance of productive capacity of forest ecosystems (5 indicators)
(3) Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality (3 indicators)
(4) Conservation and maintenance of soil and water resources (8 indicators)
(5) Maintenance of forest contribution to global carbon cycles (3 indicators)
(6) Maintenance and enhancement of long-term multiple socio-economic benefits to meet the needs of societies (19 indicators)
(7) Legal, institutional and economic framework for forest conservation and sustainable management (20 indicators)
Together these seven criteria represent a holistic approach to forest management, addressing the full range of forest values. The 67 indicators associated with these criteria are listed in Annex 2.
While some of these indicators are quantitative in nature (e.g., the percentage of a country’s forest cover), others are qualitative or descriptive (e.g., indicators related to forest planning, public participation, and investment or taxation policies). Measurement and reporting on indicators provide information about forests and, over time, the progress toward sustainable forest management.
Together, the Montréal Process criteria and indicators form a framework for answering the fundamental question: "What is important about a country's forests?" The criteria and indicators characterize forests as ecosystems, which provide a diverse, complex and dynamic array of environmental, social and economic benefits and services. Member countries increasingly use criteria and indicators as a framework for monitoring, assessment and reporting on national progress. A number of countries also see criteria and indicators as providing a useful framework for developing sub-national policies, management plans,inventories and criteria and indicators to promote sustainable forest management.
The Montréal Process criteria and indicators are a basis for reporting on all forests in a country, including public and private forests, tropical forests and plantation forests. They are designed to allow for national flexibility in their application. In some cases, countries have adapted the criteria and indicators to reflect national circumstances, which vary considerably among the wide range of countries involved in the Montréal Process.
C. Work Leading to the Country Forest Reports 2003 and the First Forest Overview Report 2003
Three major efforts of the Montréal Process Working Group provided the building blocks for the Country Forest Reports 2003 and for this Montréal Process, First Forest Overview Report: 2003.
In 1997, the Montréal Process Working Group prepared and issued A First Approximation Report of the Montréal Process on the institutional capacity of member countries to collect data and report on criteria and indicators. The joint report was based on national reports by member countries on the availability of data relevant to the 67 indicators. These first country forest reports provided baseline information and highlighted gaps in the data available for each indicator and the ability of countries to report on an indicator.
In December 1999, the Montréal Process issued Forests for the Future, a brochure on the Montréal Process designed to raise public and political awareness of the potential contribution of criteria and indicators to promoting forest conservation and sustainable management.
In April 2000, the Montréal Process published The Montréal Process: Progress and Innovation in Implementing Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests. This document was presented at the 8th Session of UN Commission on Sustainable Development. The report highlighted the accomplishments of member countries related to implementing criteria and indicators, including capacity building, data collection, forest management, policy development, regulation and technical cooperation.
IV. HIGHLIGHTS ON TRENDS
This section illustrates examples of the forest information that is available for each Montréal Process country in the Country Forest Reports 2003. For each of the seven criteria, beginning with Criterion 1 - Conservation of Biological Diversity, available data for the 12 countries is synthesized for a single indicator. In each case, the process used to develop comparable data is briefly described and observations, drawing on the experience of member countries, are made about the results. It should be noted that these are highlights and, as such, do not represent an assessment of the sustainability of forest management in Montréal Process countries.
A. Criterion 1 - Conservation of Biological Diversity
Indicator 1a - Extent of forests by forest type relative to total forest area
The conservation of biological diversity is an essential component of sustainable forest management because ecological processes and viable populations of species characteristic of forest ecosystems are dependent on a contiguous ecosystem or ecosystems of a certain minimum size. Each forest type is considered to represent a distinct ecosystem and is itself composed of a variety of ecosystem components.
While species populations fluctuate over time in response to forest maturing and disturbances such as fire, their long-term trends reflect habitat extent or condition. If sufficient area of each forest type is maintained, these ecosystems can better withstand loss from fires, hurricanes or typhoons, disease, insects and other pests, and other disasters. Figure 1 shows the extent of forest area over time by country. Figure 2 shows the percent of forest cover in each country by forest type (conifer or broadleaf).
FIGURE 1. Extent of forest area over time by country
FIGURE 2. Percent of forest cover in each country by forest type
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
Although considered accurate, data based on historical documents and model estimates are of limited precision. In addition, advances in assessment methodologies and shifts to ecological definitions of forests in recent years have in some cases led to recognition of greater amounts of forest area. For example, with advances in the analysis of satellite mapping and changes in data, Australia shows an increase in forest area. Thus, caution should be used when interpreting small percentage changes in forest area of the past 20 years. Some Montréal Process countries contain tropical forests and the
acreage of these forests is included in these data.
2. Observations
Total forest cover of the Montréal Process countries is 875.37 million hectares (ha). The percentage of forest cover varies widely across countries. This is because a number of countries, such as Argentina, Australia, Chile and China, have significant areas of desert and other non-forest eco-types. Historical records and modeling data show significant declines in forest area in many countries over recent centuries. Rapid declines can often be linked to phases of human migration; for instance, when major European immigration first occurred in Canada, New Zealand and the United States, or during periods of internal regional colonization in Argentina, Chile and Mexico. Rates of forest decline decreased in the late 20th century.
Of the 12 Montréal Process countries, three currently show declining native forest areas: Australia, Korea and Mexico. This change is due to various factors, including continued pressure for conversion of forestlands to agricultural and livestock production. In the case of Mexico, although natural forest is decreasing, overall forest cover has increased because of investments in plantation forests. In some countries, plantations are increasingly meeting national demand for wood. In New Zealand, 99.5 percent of wood production for both domestic and export consumption is met from plantations. In other countries, a variety of environmental, social and economic reasons have resulted in an increase in forest area. In the United States since the 1920s, increased agricultural efficiency has resulted in the reforestation of marginal farmland.
B. Criterion 2 - Maintenance of Productive Capacity of Forest Ecosystems
Indicator 2a - Area of forest land and net area of forest land available for timber production
Many human populations depend on forests directly or indirectly for a wide range of extractive and non-extractive goods and services. For forests to continue to function, it is necessary to maintain the presence of the forest itself and to understand the levels of goods and services that now come from forests and the levels likely to be sustained. Changes in the productive capacity of forest ecosystems could be a signal of economic hardship, unsound management or unforeseen agents affecting the forest ecosystem, such as acid rain.
This indicator, the area of forest land and its availability for timber production, provides information fundamental to calculating the timber productive capacity of existing forests. It shows how much land is available for timber production compared with the total forest area of a country. The difference between total area and net area demonstrates that some forests are not going to be harvested for a variety of reasons. Figure 3 shows the percent of forest land available for timber production by country, excluding forest land not available for timber production by law, regulation or policy.
FIGURE 3. Percent of forestland available for timber production (excluding forestland not available by law, regulation or policy)
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
“Available” land under this indicator is understood to mean forest land where wood product extraction is not restricted, e.g., land not in parks or areas removed from harvest for protective purposes, such as municipal watersheds, or lands available only for the production of non-wood goods such as game or decorative plant materials. Private or public lands where owners do not currently intend to harvest would still be considered available for harvest. The data for this indicator include lands that are currently considered unavailable based on economic or technological conditions affecting merchantability.
2. Observations
In most countries, a majority of their forest land is available for timber management. The percentage of forest area unavailable for timber production largely reflects lands legislated, regulated or otherwise allocated by policy for non-timber uses, such as conservation of biological diversity and recreation (New Zealand and Canada).
C. Criterion 3 - Maintenance of Forest Ecosystem Health and Vitality
Indicator 3a - Area and percent of forested area affected by processes beyond historic variation
Healthy forest ecosystems are essential to the sustainable management of forests. Forest ecosystem vitality refers to the ability of an ecosystem to perpetuate itself. Ecosystem vitality may be reduced by chronic factors such as pollution, nutrient imbalances, over grazing by animals, or decline in populations of bees or other pollinators.
This indicator describes the area and percent of forested area affected by such processes. It is designed to portray the effects that a variety of processes and agents, both natural and human-induced, are having on basic ecological processes in the forests. These processes or agents include forest land conversion, unsustainable harvesting, changes to natural fire cycles and floods, and the introduction of non-native species, especially pathogens and invasive species. Where ecological processes are altered beyond some critical threshold, they may produce significant permanent changes to the condition of the forest. By periodically examining specific indicators, it may be possible to detect deleterious changes early enough to modify management strategies, thus reversing the unwanted change. Figure 4 shows the extent of wildfire over time by country.
FIGURE 4: Extent of wildfire over time by country
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
Among the many forest health items that could have been reported on, this Overview Report only illustrates data on fire disturbance. In most countries, there is insufficient data to construct historic fire trends. Therefore, only data for the past 15 years are reported for most countries. The data include natural, planned and unplanned human-caused fire events.
2. Observations
Countries do not have data on forests affected by wildfire that provide the basis for historical variations. While most countries have data from 1995, some countries have data over a longer period of time. Available fire trend data for the last 15 years reveal that areas subject to fire have remained relatively constant although demonstrating great annual variation within countries. Although historic data in the United States show a dramatic reduction in the acreage burned since the early 1900s as a result of aggressive fire suppression programs, these same programs have contributed to current ecological and fire problems in the western part of the country.
D. Criterion 4 - Conservation and Maintenance of Soil and Water Resources
Indicator 4b - Percent of forest land managed primarily for protective functions
Soil and water resources and associated protective and regulatory functions of forests on watersheds are an essential element of sustainable forest management. Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of aquatic systems are excellent indicators of the condition of the forests around them. Conservation of soil and water is also fundamental to sustaining the productive capacity of forest ecosystems and protecting life and property.
This indicator provides a measure of the area and proportion of forest land managed primarily for protective functions. Managing forests should include practices that reduce soil erosion and ensure that the function of the forest in protecting water quality is not diminished. Recording how much land is specifically allocated to soil and water quality protection provides an indication of the extent to which these elements are specifically considered in forest management. Figure 5 shows general trends in the forest land managed primarily for protective functions over the last 20 years.
FIGURE 5: Trends in percent of forest land managed primarily for protective functions
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
Most countries currently do not have quantitative data on the area of forest managed primarily for the protection of soil, water and riparian function and services. However, many countries have qualitative information that indicates general trends about the percentage of forest land managed primarily for protective functions (e.g., new protected areas, new legislation).
2. Observations
Soil and water protection is an increasing consideration in developing forest policy and in forest management practices. Countries have laws, policies and various voluntary processes or mechanisms, such as best management practices, designed to protect watersheds, riparian zones, and water concurrent with other activities. In recognizing the importance of soil and water resources, most countries are increasing the percent of forestland managed to protect soil and water resources. For example, the increase in China’s forest area in part reflects in the results of Chinese soil stabilization programs. In recognizing the importance of soil and water resources, most countries are increasing the percent of forest land managed to protect soil and water resources.
E. Criterion 5 - Maintenance of Forest Contribution to Global Carbon Cycles
Indicator 5a - Total forest ecosystem biomass and carbon
Forests have an important role as a source of carbon and as a means to absorb carbon from the earth’s atmosphere. This dual function of forests is important because the concentration of atmospheric carbon is a major determinant in how fast the earth’s climate may change. Forests absorb carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and return carbon by the respiration of plants, decay of wood and leaves, fire and deforestation. Management of the forests and the use of forest products affect how forests sequester or release carbon into the atmosphere. In addition, forest biomass, a recyclable carbon compound, may be used instead of fossil fuels. In some countries, global changes in climate could result in a reduction of forest area and/or reduced productivity. In other countries, an increase in forest area and their productivity may result from global climate change. In both cases, changes in the earth’s forest biodiversity will be a concern.
This indicator, total forest ecosystem biomass and carbon, portrays the total national carbon contained in forest ecosystems within a country. Reports on trends in total carbon in forests are important for developing national strategies to help stabilize global climate change. Global climate in turn is important to national strategies regarding sustainable forest management, since climate change can significantly disturb the ecological balances that have produced existing types and distribution of forests. Figure 6 shows the above-ground and below-ground carbon stored in forests by country.
FIGURE 6: Total forest ecosystem carbon pool, above and below ground, by country
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
The method of calculating and reporting on carbon is consistent with the methodology used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In some northern boreal forest types, the quantity of below-ground carbon may be much greater than the above-ground carbon. In order to make the country data more comparable, total forest carbon is reported as above-ground and below-ground carbon.
2. Observations
Global terrestrial carbon in vegetation is defined as living and dead organic matter both above and below ground. Soil carbon can comprise a significant portion of forest carbon. Countries with boreal forests, such as Russia and Canada, have proportionally higher amounts of soil carbon than countries with predominantly temperate forests because of the accumulated organic material called peat. There is little carbon trend data currently available but modeling suggests that deforestation, afforestation, reforestation, accumulated growth,and possibly the warming of soils in colder latitudes have a significant effect on total forest carbon.
F. Criterion 6 - Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Multiple Socio-Economic
Benefits to Meet the Needs of Societies
Indicator 6.5.a - Direct and indirect employment in forest sector and forest sector employment as
proportion of total employment
Forest ecosystems are renewable and can be maintained in perpetuity. Proper management regimes enable forests to retain their ecological integrity, biological components, and ability to respond to changing conditions. Historically, society has focused on the management of the forest land base to maximize timber production. However, over the past few decades, forests have been increasingly managed for a wider variety of uses. The economic and social values of forests influences society’s desire to protect, conserve and sustainably manage forests.
This indicator, direct and indirect employment in the forest sector as a proportion of a country’s total employment—reflects the socio-economic benefits of forests. Direct employment includes employment within or close to the forest, such as logging, saw mills and recreation. Indirect employment reflects work performed outside the forest, such as furniture manufacturing, fertilizer sales and recreation equipment. This indicator is one measure of the size and economic health of the forest products sector.
Figure 7 shows the percentage of a country's total employment contributed by the forest products industry. Because of a lack of data, the figure presents only trends in wood and wood product employment. Nevertheless, the data are useful for comparing employment trends in the wood and wood products industry with national employment trends.
FIGURE 7: Direct employment in the wood products sector as a proportion of total employment
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
The data reflected in Figure 7 represent forest production and primary processing employment which are only a portion of direct employment in the forest sector. In most countries, data for other forest-based employment, such as protection, research, education and management, are not currently available. Some of these data are collected by institutions and agencies outside the forest sector and have not yet been accessed.
2. Observations
Most data show a small percentage, as well as a slight decline in percent, of people employed in the wood products industry. The exception is New Zealand, which has growing forest related employment due to increased harvesting of its maturing plantations. However, in growing economies, stable forest employment percentages represent an overall increase in the absolute numbers employed in forest production and processing industries. The relative importance of the forest sector in providing for the construction material and fibre needs of society cannot be fully appreciated by looking only at these percentages. Generally, indirect employment in the forest sector is much larger than direct employment, e.g., Australia estimates its indirect employment is three to five times its direct employment.
The data reported in Figure 7 reflect traditionally reported statistics. Higher percentages would be evident if these statistics included indirect forest employment, such as people employed in furniture manufacturing plants, and other direct forest based employment, such as forest recreation. In addition, the data do not reflect forest related employment statistics that are now captured in reports in other sectors, such as tourism and service industries. In future countries will seek to include data on a range of direct and indirect forest related employment.
G. Criterion 7 - Legal, Institutional and Economic Framework for Forest Conservation and
Sustainable Forest Management
Indicator 7.4.b - Scope, frequency and statistical reliability of forest inventories, assessments,
monitoring and other relevant information
Without a strong policy framework, forest conservation and sustainable management cannot become a reality. On the other hand, a strong policy framework can facilitate sustainable forest management. This includes the broader societal conditions and processes often external to the forest itself but which may support efforts to conserve, maintain or enhance the essential forest functions captured in Criteria 1 through 6.
A key aspect of the policy framework is a country's capacity to measure and monitor—in a continuous, reliable and agreed fashion—forest related biological, social and economic conditions. These conditions can then be reported to management and stakeholders. An open and transparent measuring and monitoring system should support the generation of policies and investments promoting sustainability. Public policy decisions should be based on comprehensive, current and sound data.
Figure 8 shows the percentage of the Montréal Process indicators that each country can currently report on and projections for reporting in five years. These percentages are shown because the scope, frequency or statistical reliability of national forest inventories is difficult to present in a simple way for multiple countries. The information in Figure 8 provides an easy read of a country’s ability to use available inventory data to report on progress on the sustainable management of its forests.
FIGURE 8: Percent of Montréal Process indicators presently reportable and projections of percent of indicators reportable in five years, by country.
1. Comments on Data and Data Collection Process
Currently, information on most of the indicators reported on is based on data from forest inventories. The data is periodically collected and analyzed by an institution or institutions responsible for reporting on forest statistics for a country. There are two types of inventories: (1) those based on permanent plots, and (2) those based on spatial data. Monitoring refers to repeated measurement through time. Assessment refers to the compilation, analysis and publication of all available data from a range of different data sources to aid decision-making. Forest inventories have traditionally collected forest extent, growth and condition data.
2. Observations
All 12 countries have inventoried their forests at least once using either spatial-based or plot-based inventories, and all forest area within the countries is covered to a varying degree by those inventories. All countries have spatial inventories in place and use those inventories for monitoring. Japan, Korea and the United States use plot-based inventories. Other countries are developing permanent sample-based plots for inventory. Plot-based inventory systems are common in Europe and are considered potentially
more versatile than sample-based systems in collecting a broader spectrum of data.
The frequency and extent of inventories vary according to the characteristics of the forests and the needs of each country. Most inventories are conducted every 5 to10 years. However, for rapidly changing forests, such as those heavily harvested or affected by accelerating land use change, inventories may need to be conducted more frequently at the sub-national level. Where the rate of change is minimal (such as in northern Canada), inventories are less frequent.
While the current capacity to report on indicators varies among countries, all Montréal Process countries project an increase in their capacity to report on indicators in five years time.
V. CONCLUSIONS, OBSERVATIONS AND NEXT STEPS
A. Data Availability
The results of the Country Forest Reports 2003 reveal that:
- All countries have made progress in generating forest-related information at the national level since the First Approximation Country Reports in 1997.
- Despite the many differences among member countries, most countries show similar forest trends, such as decreased forest conversion to agriculture or urban land, increased regulation to protect forest soils and watersheds, and small decreases in forest employment relative to overall employment.
- The capacity to collect data and report on indicators varies greatly from country to country due to differences in institutional capacity, extent of forest cover, ownership patterns, and levels of economic development. No country is currently able to report on all 67 indicators. Most countries can report on 50 percent or more of the indicators. Three countries can report on 70 percent or more of the indicators.
- A number of the 67 indicators present data collection challenges for all countries for one or more of the following reasons:
- Data has not traditionally been collected on the indicator so insufficient national data is available for reporting. Examples include the value and quantities of production of non-wood forest products (Indicator 6.1b), indirect employment (Indicator 6.5a), and the number of visitor days attributed to recreation and tourism in relation to people and forest area (Indicator 6.2c)
- Scientific techniques for collecting data that originates at the local or forest management level are uncoordinated or there is no scientific agreement on how to collect the data. This creates data gaps, making it very difficult to aggregate sub-national data for national interpretation. Examples include the level of expenditures on research and development, or education (Indicator 6.3a) or the indicators associated with soil and water conservation (Criterion 4)
- There is little or no scientific understanding on how to measure some indicators, although the indicators are known to relate to an important aspect of sustainable forest management. Examples include fragmentation of forest types (Indicator 1.c) and area of land with diminished biological components (Indicator 3.c).
B. Country Progress
Montréal Process countries report that the process of preparing the Country Forest Reports 2003 has motivated them to make significant strides in a number of areas related to implementing the Montréal Process criteria and indicators, among them:
- Using criteria and indicators to improve common understanding of sustainable forest management among stakeholders.
- Involving stakeholders in data collection efforts, facilitating collaboration among stakeholders, and generating stakeholder support for criteria and indicators at national and sub-national levels.
- Developing, expanding and coordinating forest inventories and assessments and organizing forest information at national and sub-national levels.
- Using criteria and indicators as a framework for objective setting, strategic planning and communicating progress to policy-makers and the public at national and sub-national levels.
- Developing criteria and indicators at relevant sub-national levels and preparing sub-national reports to help forest managers and local communities.
- Linking and developing relationships with other sectors relevant to forests, such as agriculture and environment, and using the Montréal Process criteria and indicators as a basis for developing criteria and indicators for other sectors, such as rangelands and mining.
C. Benefits of the Montréal Process Working Group
All member countries agree that the Montréal Process Working Group has provided a useful international forum for collaborative work among members, for catalyzing national efforts and for facilitating shared views about what constitutes sustainable forest management and how to measure it. The exchange of information, experiences and technical know how through the Working Group has served to:
- Identify common goals for action (e.g., preparation of the Country Forest Reports 2003 and the First Approximation Report 1997);
- Consolidate technical know-how related to data collection and indicator measurement (e.g., Montréal Process Technical Notes , 1998);
- Foster bilateral cooperation among members, including technical assistance;
- Foster regional collaboration, notably among the Southern Cone member countries (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay);
- Enhance national capacities to report on progress toward sustainable forest management;
- Help countries focus and set priorities for the use of available technical and financial resources for assessment;
- Build confidence and trust among diverse member countries; and
- Clarify international expectations related to sustainable forest management.
D. Outlook Based on Lessons Learned
- The Montréal Process criteria and indicators adopted in 1995 continue to reflect contemporary scientific understanding about the forest ecosystems and the measurement of social and economic values.
- The capacity of member countries to periodically report on forests using the criteria and indicators should improve as national inventories and collaboration among institutions are expanded and improved.
- Periodic monitoring and reporting by countries in the future will increasingly provide the trend data on forests that is needed to help policy makers and forest owners make better decisions about sustainable forest management.
E. Next Steps
Based on A through D above and the experience of preparing the Country Forest Reports2003, the Montréal Process Working Group and its members will focus on the following actions over the next five years:
- Review, refine and share data inventory protocols to build capacity for reporting, and update the Montréal Process Technical Notes 1998 accordingly.
- Further document the relationship between and applications of national and sub-national criteria and indicators and develop extension materials to communicate those applications.
- Review the Montréal Process indicators in light of experience gained in preparing the Country Forest Reports 2003 and the latest developments in science and technology, with a view to refining the indicators as needed.
- Enhance technical collaboration among member countries, including bilaterally and regionally, with a view to improving strategic planning, forest inventories and assessments and forest management at national and sub-national levels.
- Enhance communication and outreach to make the accomplishments and results of the Montréal Process visible and available to stakeholders, other criteria and indicators processes and the international community.
- Explore strategies to help countries mobilize scientific, technical and financial resources to establish cost-effective data collection and reporting strategies using criteria and indicators, including through FAO, ITTO, the Global Environment Facility and bilateral partnerships.
- Continue to urge broad participation of relevant stakeholders within countries as a means of promoting political commitment and mobilizing resources for criteria and indicators and understanding the forest perceptions and needs of different stakeholders.
- Encourage universities and other educational institutions to incorporate in their curricula the latest information on sustainable forest management and skills needed to develop and implement criteria and indicators.
- Encourage national and international institutions to carry out research on indicators difficult to measure, including indicators related to biodiversity, non-timber forest products, soil and water conservation and carbon sequestration.
- Enhance collaboration with other criteria and indicator processes in order to share experiences and know-how, foster capacity building, improve communication and cooperation, and harmonize concepts, terms, definitions and methods for collecting, storing and sharing data.
- Use criteria and indicators as a basis for national reporting on progress toward sustainable forest management to international forest-related fora (e.g., FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment, UNFF, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)).
- Seek endorsement by FAO, ITTO and UNFF of a global set of criteria drawn from the national-level criteria elaborated by existing regional and international criteria and indicators processes. A global set of criteria would provide a global framework for the efforts of existing processes, improve communication and coordination among processes and their member countries, and facilitate international cooperation on criteria and indicators.
- Promote awareness, nationally and internationally, of the potential application of forest criteria and indicators to other sectors (e.g., water, rangelands, agriculture, mining) and to international initiatives on indicators for sustainable development (e.g., in the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), CBD, UNCCD and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)).
- Encourage other temperate and boreal forest countries to become members of the Montréal Process Working Group.
ANNEX 1: Country Forest Reports 2003
ANNEX 2: Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators: English (PDF, 870 KB) | French (PDF, 854 KB) | Spanish (PDF, 846 KB)
ANNEX 3: Montréal Process Publications
Annex D
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
Format and Graphics Revisions Working Group Comments on Draft Overview Report - April 7, 2003
- Connect the Overview Report to national country report.
- Rework the country flag colours and country order (Argentina, Mexico)
- At the end of the report, include web connections to country reports.
- Country summaries will not be included.
- Assure the Executive Summary reflects the content of the report.(Recommendations for Future Actions currently do not match.)
- Eliminate the dark green colour of some pages. It is hard to read and uses too much ink to print. (Possible alternative cover for black and white printers.)
- Figure 3 is missing Japan’s name and percent.
- The table of contents should be larger and more obvious. Do not vary font throughout the document.
- Increase the font size in main body of text.
- Consider the use of 2 columns not 3 in the text.
- Enlarge chapter titles and section titles.
- Improve the readability of the page numbers.
- Figures 1, 4, 3?, would look better with longer “y” axis.
- Bar charts on the world map are too small.
Annex E
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| April 2002 | 6th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The Hague |
| September 2002 | World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) - Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI), Johannesburg |
| November 2002 | 12th Conference of Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), Santiago |
February 2003 |
International Conference on the Contribution of Criteria and Indicators to Sustainable Forest Management: The Way Forward (CICI 2003), Guatemala City |
| March 2003 | 16th Session of the FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO), Rome |
| March 2003 | UNFF Country Led Initiative on Lessons Learned in Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting on Implementation of IPF/IFF Proposals for Action, Viterbo |
| March 2003 | UN Forum on Forests Intersessional Experts Meeting on the Role of Planted Forests in Sustainable Forest Management, New Zealand |
| March 2003 | 3rd World Water Forum, Osaka and Kyoto |
| April 2003 | 14th Meeting of the Montréal Process Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests, Montevideo |
| April 2003 | 4rd Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE), Vienna |
| May 2003 | 35th Session of the International Tropical Timber Council, Panama City |
| May-June 2003 | 3rd Session of the UN Forum on Forests (UNFF), Geneva |
| September 2003 | XIIth World Forestry Congress, Québec City |
Annex F
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
Working Agenda 15th Montréal Process Working Group Meeting - Special High Level Session at the World Forestry Congress 2003
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
18:30-22:00 |
Welcome to participants | Canada |
| Formal launch of MP report | Uruguay | |
| Reaffirmation of commitment to Montréal Process (country statements) | Round table | |
| Discussion of next steps and statement of future activities (declaration) | Canada / group |
Annex G
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
Working Agenda Montréal Process Working Group - National Reports on Sustainable Forest Management
World Forestry Congress 2003
| Time | Item | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| (0:05) | Welcome to participants | Canada |
| (0:05) | Overview of Montréal Process (what is and evolution of MP) | [eminence grise] |
| (0:05) | Introduction of Overview Report | R. Hendricks |
| (0:10) | Introduction of Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) and activities | |
| (0:30) | Presentation of 3-5 case studies illustrating Montréal Process indicators and countries | |
| (0:15) | Presentation of next steps | |
| (0:15) | Questions and Answers |
Annex H
14th Meeting of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests
(Montréal Process)
Montevideo, Uruguay
April 7-10, 2003
INTERIM COMMUNICATION AND OUTREACH PLAN
November 28, 2001
1. PURPOSE
To provide a communication framework for the Montréal Process Working Group (MPWG), its member countries and the Liaison Office to increase recognition among a wide range of domestic and international audiences of the importance of criteria and indicators (C&I) and the Montréal Process, and to better communicate progress by member countries in implementing the Montréal Process C&I.
2. OBJECTIVES
- Increase public awareness of the Montréal Process Working Group (MPWG) and importance of criteria and indicators (C&I) in promoting sustainable forest management (SFM)
- Highlight MPWG and member country contributions to leadership in progress toward SFM through the use of C&I
- Strengthen political commitment of member countries to implementation of Montréal Process C&I
- Improve communication among MPWG member countries
- Facilitate implementation of C&I as a critical tool for forest assessment, monitoring, and reporting
- Widely communicate progress in implementation of the C&I by member countries
- Facilitate and participate in collaboration with other C&I processes and relevant international/regional organizations
3. KEY MPWG MESSAGES
The following key messages promote a basic understanding of the Montréal Process and should be incorporated into publications and other forms of communication whenever appropriate.
- Forests provide essential environmental, economic, and social benefits to people around the world at local, national and global levels.
- Sustainable forest management constitutes the contribution of forests to sustainable development.
- "Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management" are tools to assess the state of and trends in forests at the national level.
- C&I are not intended as performance standards or to assess directly conditions at the forest management unit level. However, they can provide a complementary framework for better forest management and various certification systems.
- Criteria characterize the essential elements of SFM; indicators are ways to measure these elements.
- C&I are intended to provide a common understanding of what is meant by sustainable forest management.
- The approach to forest management reflected in the C&I is the management of forests as ecosystems.
- The MPWG includes 12 member countries (Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, Russia, United States, Uruguay) representing 90% of the world's temperate and boreal forests and 60% of all forests.
- Each country is unique in terms of the quantity, quality, characteristics and descriptions of its forests.
- The MPWG countries are committed to implementation of C&I and progress toward SFM.
- MPWG member countries have endorsed (via the Santiago Declaration) a comprehensive set of 7 criteria and 67 indicators to inform decision-making and promote SFM.
- Multiple stakeholder participation is important to the application of the Montréal Process criteria and indicators.
- The MPWG Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) has produced a number of documents that provide technical and scientific advice on C&I implementation and reporting.
- The first Montréal Process Forest Report (Overview Report and twelve national reports) prepared using the Montréal Process C&I will be released and distributed at the World Forestry Congress in 2003. These and future periodic reports will help decision-makers and the public in member countries.
- MPWG C&I will be refined over time based on better science and information and changing public demands.
- The MPWG and its member countries make a significant contribution and are influential in the larger international forest policy dialogue.
- The Montréal Process is one of several comparable international and regional criteria and indicators processes, which together involve more than 150 countries.
- For further information, contact Liaison Office or check web site (http://www.mpci.org/meetings/meetings_e.html#publications)
4. Related Country Messages
Relevant information, web sites, and national and sub-national publications, including national inventories and data management publications, should:
- Include recognition of the country as a member of MPWG.
- Outline benefits of membership. For example, membership/participation:
- Can assist a country to address international and national sustainability issues.
- Provides an additional tool to help improve in country forest management and therefore the quality of life for all people.
- Provides member countries with opportunities to participate and share ideas on forests in an international context and dialogue.
- Provides recognition of activities and programs undertaken to advance sustainable forest management.
- Provides a framework for domestic stakeholders (e.g., government, private owners, academic and research organizations) to coordinate their work.
- Highlight member country activities within the MPWG. For example,participation in MPWG.
- Include as many of the above Montréal Process "key messages" as possible.
5. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS (AS APPROPRIATE)
- While the Montréal Process C&I are national level C&I, they can provide a framework for developing sub-national indicators.
- The Montréal Process respects national sovereignty. The MPWG is a group of like-minded countries, not a binding instrument.
- Implementation of the Montréal Process C&I represents a challenge:
- Developing partnerships
- Tough questions on how to collect data
- Expense of data collection
- Lack of public awareness/understanding of C&I
6. TARGET AUDIENCES FOR WEB SITE/PUBLICATIONS
- Montréal Process Working Group member countries and TAC members
- Domestic audiences within countries
- National and sub-national policy makers
- Forest owners, industry, buyers groups, labour, environmental groups, indigenous people, local communities
- Other forest owners, managers
- Professional, scientific and academic community
- General public
- Media: journals, newspapers, magazines, etc.
- International Community
- Other C&I processes, especially the Pan-European Process
- Relevant International organizations: FAO, ITTO, UNFF, etc.
- International NGOs and industry association
7. KEY TOOLS
- Official Montréal Process documents - To be distributed and posted freely
- Unofficial TAC papers - To be distributed/posted as agreed by MPWG and with standard disclaimer
- Montréal process web site - For posting of:
- Official documents (brochures, reports, aide memoires, technical notes) in available languages
- Unofficial TAC papers (with standard disclaimer)
- Upcoming Montréal Process events, e.g. workshops
- Links to other relevant web sites: Member countries, C&I processes, international organizations
- For easy availability of Montréal Process publications and information to policy makers, constituencies and the public in member countries worldwide
- Member countries
- Promote publications through national networks of communications
- Promote Montréal Process messages and communicate ongoing activities when participating in relevant regional/international meetings
- Report perspectives on meetings attended to the MPWG
- Maintain the quality of the country website linked to the Montréal Process website
- Translate important Montréal Process documents into national language to facilitate domestic use.
- Liaison Office
- Distributes official MPWG publications on request
- Maintains up-to-date web site
- Reports progress on implementation of the communications plan to MPWG meetings.
8. BUDGET
To be developed by the Liaison Office on a case-by-case basis
9. REVIEW AND EVALUATION
The effectiveness of this communications plan should be reviewed two years after approval. In light of:
- Perceptions of target audiences on the commitment and leadership of the MPWG and member countries in implementing C&I and SFM
- Rate of demand for and distribution of materials on the Montréal Process, including website visits
- Media coverage, positive mention of C&I, Montréal Process
- Maintenance or enhancement of interest in and level of participation in MPWG meetings by representatives of member countries, other C&I processes, international organizations, non-government interests, etc.
- Invitations to the Liaison Office and member countries to participate in other fora on C&I
- Growing international support for C&I implementation.
ANNEX A
| Date | Publications / Information |
|---|---|
| (Ongoing) | The Montréal Process web site (http://www.mpci.org) This web site presents information on the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests: The Montréal Process. Links are provided to all member countries, as well as to other international initiatives working with criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. |
| April 2000 | Montréal Process Year 2000 Progress Report - Progress and Innovation in Implementing Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests This Year 2000 Report on the Montréal Process incorporates input from individual countries and highlights accomplishments in implementing the criteria and indicators of the Montréal Process, including capacity-building, data collection, forest management, institutional and regulatory policy development and technical cooperation. |
| December 1999 | Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (Second Edition) This is the second printing of a comprehensive set of criteria and indicators for forest conservation and sustainable management. This set of criteria and indicators has been agreed to by twelve nations who continue to work to implement and report on the basis of the agreed criteria and indicators. |
| December 1999 | Forests for the Future: Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators This is a brochure explaining the origin and purpose of the international policy exercise known as The Montréal Process on criteria and indicators for conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests outside Europe. |
| August 1997 | First Approximation Report of the Montréal Process This report presents a general overview of the status of data and the ability to report on the Montreal Process criteria and indicators. Although key issues identified for each criterion in the comprehensive country reports are summarized, the report does not include detailed information on indicators nor country-specific comment. The Report includes background on the criteria and indicators, information concerning the implementation of the Process, overview summaries of the key issues identified for each criterion and consideration of future direction. |
| February 1997 | The Montréal Process Progress Report This Progress Report incorporates input from individual countries and highlights data availability for indicators in each country and the current capacity of countries to report on the indicators. |
| February 1995 | Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests In February 1995 in Santiago, Chile, representatives of twelve countries, which together represent 90 percent of the world's temperate and boreal forests (Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, the Russian Federation and the United States of America), endorsed a comprehensive set of criteria and indicators for forest conservation and sustainable management for use by their respective policy-makers. This document presents these criteria and indicators, together with the statement of endorsement known as the "Santiago Declaration". |